Early learning

Your unborn baby will start to respond to noise sometime between the 24th and 30th weeks of pregnancy². The sound that’ll have by far the most impact on them is your voice. Talking to your bump is not just a great way for you to bond. It will actually help your baby to learn. Able to hear everything you say, they will recognise your individual voice and prefer it to any other sound. They’ll also be able to hear, albeit less clearly, the voices of those around you, and the effect of listening to speech will have a lifelong impact, teaching them to understand and process sound as well as helping to develop memory skills and strengthen family bonds¹.

Watch ‘What we learn before we’re born'

Science writer Annie Murphy Paul wrote Origins, an investigation of how life in the womb shapes our future experiences, while pregnant with her second child. Her fascinating TEDTalk explains in simple terms the research into language and learning in unborn babies. Watch it here.

Newborns respond specifically to language, as opposed to other sounds3. Studies tell us that they show increased brain activity when listening to speech, compared to the same speech played backwards, or silence. Given that they have this reaction shortly after birth, it’s thought that foetuses have a similar response to voices and speech patterns in the womb³.

In a study to measure this, pregnant women played a recording of a ‘nonsense word’ to their bump, several times a week, in their last few months of pregnancy. After birth these newborns recognised the nonsense word while infants who’d not been exposed to the word previously showed no reaction. Babies who’d heard the recordings also demonstrated that they recognised when the word’s pitch or vowel sounds changed, and the response was strongest in the babies who’d heard the recording the most⁴.

Mother tongue

Not only can babies recognise words they learnt in the womb, but, incredibly, studies have shown that unborn babies recognise the patterns of their native language, preferring them to languages they haven't heard before⁵.

One study clearly demonstrated that, in the later stages of pregnancy, unborn babies could not only differentiate their mother’s voice from other people’s voices, they could also recognise their native language (in this case English) over a foreign language (Mandarin)³. So babies start to make sense of language – and make their first tentative steps towards speech and socialisation – before they’re even born.

Last reviewed:  19th May 2016